fedora-intune: Defender script also turns on behavior monitoring

Behavior monitoring is off by default and the repair script never
checked it, so on devices without the image's managed config (another
distro, a plain install) it stayed off and the compliance rule failed.
Enable it, and cloud-delivered protection, when they're off and not
managed.

Only start mdatp-firstboot where the image installed it; elsewhere every
run logged that first-boot setup hadn't completed and tried to start a
unit that doesn't exist.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

images/fedora-intune/defender.yaml

@@ -26,6 +26,18 @@ add-files:
   - ["mdatp-firstboot.service", "/usr/lib/systemd/system/mdatp-firstboot.service"]
   - ["mdatp-firstboot.conf", "/usr/lib/systemd/system/mdatp.service.d/10-firstboot.conf"]
   - ["50-defender.preset", "/usr/lib/systemd/system-preset/50-defender.preset"]
+  # Enforced Defender settings (shown as "[managed]" in `mdatp health`; local
+  # changes are refused): real-time protection, behavior monitoring, PUA
+  # blocking, cloud protection at the "high" block level, automatic updates
+  # and sample submission, a daily quick scan at 12:00 and a weekly full scan
+  # on Wednesday 12:30 (low priority, up to 2 h later at random). Settings
+  # reference: https://learn.microsoft.com/defender-endpoint/linux-preferences
+  # Not set here: network protection (Insiders channels only) and tamper
+  # protection (audit-only preview on Linux).
+  - ["mdatp_managed.json", "/usr/share/mdatp-managed/mdatp_managed.json"]
+  # Installed into /etc/opt/microsoft/mdatp/managed/ whenever Defender starts;
+  # see the drop-in.
+  - ["mdatp-managed-config.conf", "/usr/lib/systemd/system/mdatp.service.d/20-managed-config.conf"]
 
 postprocess:
   - |
@@ -42,5 +54,7 @@ postprocess:
       [[ -f "${pp}" ]] && break
     done
     semodule -n -i "${pp}"
+    # Fail the build on a typo rather than ship a config Defender can't read.
+    python3 -m json.tool /usr/share/mdatp-managed/mdatp_managed.json > /dev/null
     rpm -q --qf '%{POSTIN}' mdatp > /usr/libexec/mdatp-postinst
     chmod 0755 /usr/libexec/mdatp-firstboot /usr/libexec/mdatp-postinst

images/fedora-intune/files/himmelblau-os-release

@@ -5,16 +5,23 @@
 # "44". Himmelblau reports VERSION_ID as the device's OS version and has no
 # setting for it. The rest of the system keeps the stock VERSION_ID, which
 # toolbox, flatpak and dnf expect to be the plain release.
+#
+# PRETTY_NAME becomes just NAME: libhimmelblau reports "PRETTY_NAME VERSION_ID"
+# as the OS version string, and Fedora's PRETTY_NAME already contains the
+# version ("Fedora Linux 44.20261020.0 (Forty Four) 44.20261020.0"). Nothing
+# else in Himmelblau reads PRETTY_NAME.
 set -euo pipefail
 
 SRC=/usr/lib/os-release
 DEST=/run/himmelblau-os-release
 
 version="$(. "${SRC}" && echo "${OSTREE_VERSION:-${IMAGE_VERSION:-}}")"
+name="$(. "${SRC}" && echo "${NAME:-Linux}")"
 
 tmp="$(mktemp "${DEST}.XXXXXX")"
 if [[ -n "${version}" ]]; then
-  sed "s/^VERSION_ID=.*/VERSION_ID=${version}/" "${SRC}" > "${tmp}"
+  sed -e "s/^VERSION_ID=.*/VERSION_ID=${version}/" \
+      -e "s/^PRETTY_NAME=.*/PRETTY_NAME=\"${name}\"/" "${SRC}" > "${tmp}"
 else
   # No image version (not an ostree/bootc deployment): pass it through as-is.
   cat "${SRC}" > "${tmp}"

images/fedora-intune/files/himmelblau.conf

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ apply_policy = true
 # Fedora's admin group; members of sudo_groups (Entra group object IDs) are
 # added to it.
 local_sudo_group = wheel
+# Linux admins: members get wheel (sudo) at sign-in, and lose it again within
+# local_groups_reconcile_interval after leaving the group.
+sudo_groups = c3b1cfcc-7834-47eb-948b-a22204276453
 # Home directories named after the account (e.g. /home/jdoe), with a UPN alias.
 home_attr = CN
 home_alias = SPN

images/fedora-intune/files/mdatp-managed-config.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Install the image's enforced Defender settings each time Defender starts.
+# The image can't ship them in /etc directly: mdatp-firstboot creates
+# /etc/opt/microsoft/mdatp on the device, so on updates that directory counts
+# as local and ostree's /etc merge never adds new files under it. Copying on
+# every start also picks up changes from newer images and undoes local edits.
+[Service]
+ExecStartPre=+/usr/bin/install -D -Z -m 0644 /usr/share/mdatp-managed/mdatp_managed.json /etc/opt/microsoft/mdatp/managed/mdatp_managed.json

images/fedora-intune/files/mdatp_managed.json

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+  "antivirusEngine": {
+    "enforcementLevel": "real_time",
+    "behaviorMonitoring": "enabled",
+    "scanAfterDefinitionUpdate": true,
+    "scanArchives": true,
+    "disallowedThreatActions": ["allow", "restore"],
+    "threatTypeSettingsMergePolicy": "admin_only",
+    "threatTypeSettings": [
+      { "key": "potentially_unwanted_application", "value": "block" },
+      { "key": "archive_bomb", "value": "audit" }
+    ],
+    "scheduledScan": "enabled"
+  },
+  "scheduledScan": {
+    "dailyConfiguration": { "timeOfDay": 720 },
+    "weeklyConfiguration": { "dayOfWeek": 4, "scanType": "full", "timeOfDay": 750 },
+    "lowPriorityScheduledScan": true,
+    "checkForDefinitionsUpdate": true,
+    "randomizeScanStartTime": 2
+  },
+  "cloudService": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "diagnosticLevel": "required",
+    "automaticSampleSubmissionConsent": "safe",
+    "automaticDefinitionUpdateEnabled": true,
+    "cloudBlockLevel": "high"
+  }
+}

images/fedora-intune/intune/defender-compliance.json

@@ -84,6 +84,34 @@
         }
       ]
     },
+    {
+      "SettingName": "DefenderBehaviorMonitoring",
+      "Operator": "IsEquals",
+      "DataType": "Boolean",
+      "Operand": true,
+      "MoreInfoUrl": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/linux-install-manually",
+      "RemediationStrings": [
+        {
+          "Language": "en_US",
+          "Title": "Behavior monitoring is off.",
+          "Description": "Microsoft Defender behavior monitoring must be enabled. Update the device to the latest image or contact IT."
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "SettingName": "DefenderCloudProtection",
+      "Operator": "IsEquals",
+      "DataType": "Boolean",
+      "Operand": true,
+      "MoreInfoUrl": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/linux-install-manually",
+      "RemediationStrings": [
+        {
+          "Language": "en_US",
+          "Title": "Cloud-delivered protection is off.",
+          "Description": "Microsoft Defender cloud-delivered protection must be enabled. Update the device to the latest image or contact IT."
+        }
+      ]
+    },
     {
       "SettingName": "DefenderDefinitionsUpToDate",
       "Operator": "IsEquals",

images/fedora-intune/intune/defender-compliance.sh

@@ -2,20 +2,26 @@
 # Intune custom compliance discovery script for Linux: is Microsoft Defender
 # for Endpoint (mdatp) installed, onboarded, licensed and protecting?
 #
-# Upload in Intune > Devices > Compliance > Scripts (Linux), and pair it with
-# defender-compliance.json in a Linux compliance policy (Custom compliance).
-# Himmelblau runs it as root inside himmelblaud-tasks.service and sends the
-# JSON on stdout to Intune, which evaluates it against the rules. Every setting
-# is always emitted, so a missing or stopped Defender reads as non-compliant
-# instead of as a script error.
+# Upload in Intune > Endpoint security > Device compliance > Scripts (Linux),
+# and pair it with defender-compliance.json in a Linux compliance policy
+# (Custom compliance). Himmelblau runs it as root inside
+# himmelblaud-tasks.service and sends the JSON on stdout to Intune, which
+# evaluates it against the rules. Every setting is always emitted, so a missing
+# or stopped Defender reads as non-compliant instead of as a script error.
 
 MDATP=/usr/bin/mdatp
 
-# Print one `mdatp health` field without quotes or a trailing " [managed]".
-# Unlicensed or unonboarded, mdatp prints "ATTENTION: ..." lines first.
+# Defender won't answer `mdatp health` started from inside himmelblaud-tasks
+# (it can't read that process while checking the caller), so ask through
+# systemd, which runs mdatp as its own child. Elsewhere, ask mdatp directly.
+health="$(systemd-run --quiet --wait --pipe --collect "${MDATP}" health 2>/dev/null)"
+grep -q '^healthy' <<< "${health}" || health="$("${MDATP}" health 2>/dev/null)"
+
+# Print one field of the `mdatp health` output ("name : value") without
+# quotes or a trailing " [managed]".
 field() {
-  "${MDATP}" health --field "$1" 2>/dev/null | grep -v '^ATTENTION' | tail -n1 \
-    | sed -e 's/ \[managed\]$//' -e 's/^"//' -e 's/"$//'
+  grep -m1 "^$1 *:" <<< "${health}" \
+    | sed -e 's/^[^:]*: *//' -e 's/ \[managed\]$//' -e 's/^"//' -e 's/"$//'
 }
 
 bool() {
@@ -28,6 +34,8 @@ healthy=false
 licensed=false
 onboarded=false
 rtp=false
+behavior_monitoring=false
+cloud_protection=false
 definitions_ok=false
 definitions_age=-1
 version=""
@@ -40,6 +48,8 @@ if [[ -x "${MDATP}" ]]; then
     healthy="$(bool "$(field healthy)")"
     licensed="$(bool "$(field licensed)")"
     rtp="$(bool "$(field real_time_protection_enabled)")"
+    [[ "$(field behavior_monitoring)" == enabled ]] && behavior_monitoring=true
+    cloud_protection="$(bool "$(field cloud_enabled)")"
     [[ -n "$(field org_id)" ]] && onboarded=true
     [[ "$(field definitions_status)" == up_to_date ]] && definitions_ok=true
     age="$(field definitions_updated_minutes_ago)"
@@ -57,6 +67,8 @@ cat <<EOF
   "DefenderLicensed": ${licensed},
   "DefenderOnboarded": ${onboarded},
   "DefenderRealTimeProtection": ${rtp},
+  "DefenderBehaviorMonitoring": ${behavior_monitoring},
+  "DefenderCloudProtection": ${cloud_protection},
   "DefenderDefinitionsUpToDate": ${definitions_ok},
   "DefenderDefinitionsAgeDays": ${definitions_age},
   "DefenderVersion": "${version}"

images/fedora-intune/intune/defender-remediation.sh

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ if [[ ! -x "${MDATP}" ]]; then
 fi
 
 # The image finishes the Defender install on first boot (mdatp-firstboot).
-if [[ ! -f /var/lib/mdatp-firstboot.done ]]; then
+if [[ -x /usr/libexec/mdatp-firstboot && ! -f /var/lib/mdatp-firstboot.done ]]; then
   log "Defender first-boot setup has not completed; starting it."
   systemctl start mdatp-firstboot.service
 fi
@@ -71,8 +71,16 @@ if ! wait_for_daemon; then
 fi
 
 if [[ -z "$(field org_id)" ]]; then
-  if [[ "${ONBOARDING_JSON}" == REPLACE_WITH_MDATP_ONBOARD_JSON ]]; then
+  # Prefix match, so the placeholder appears only once in this file and a
+  # find-and-replace of it can't hit this line.
+  if [[ "${ONBOARDING_JSON}" == REPLACE_WITH_* ]]; then
     log "Defender is not onboarded and this script has no onboarding JSON."
+  elif ! printf '%s\n' "${ONBOARDING_JSON}" \
+      | python3 -c 'import json, sys; assert "onboardingInfo" in json.load(sys.stdin)' 2>/dev/null; then
+    # A paste that lost the first "{" or last "}" line would otherwise leave
+    # Defender with an unreadable onboarding file ("No license found").
+    log "The onboarding JSON in this script is not valid; paste mdatp_onboard.json again, including its first '{' and last '}' lines."
+    exit 1
   else
     log "Defender is not onboarded; writing ${ONBOARD_FILE}."
     install -d -m 0755 "$(dirname "${ONBOARD_FILE}")"
@@ -85,18 +93,30 @@ if [[ -z "$(field org_id)" ]]; then
   fi
 fi
 
-# Settings Defender's own policy manages show " [managed]" and can't be
-# changed locally; this only fixes a locally disabled real-time protection.
+# Settings a managed config (mdatp_managed.json) sets show " [managed]" and
+# can't be changed locally; these fix devices without one, where behavior
+# monitoring is off by default. Behavior monitoring needs real-time
+# protection, so that goes first.
 if [[ "$(field real_time_protection_enabled)" != true ]]; then
   log "Real-time protection is off; enabling it."
   "${MDATP}" config real-time-protection --value enabled
 fi
 
+if [[ "$(field behavior_monitoring)" != enabled ]]; then
+  log "Behavior monitoring is off; enabling it."
+  "${MDATP}" config behavior-monitoring --value enabled
+fi
+
+if [[ "$(field cloud_enabled)" != true ]]; then
+  log "Cloud-delivered protection is off; enabling it."
+  "${MDATP}" config cloud --value enabled
+fi
+
 if [[ "$(field definitions_status)" != up_to_date ]]; then
   log "Definitions are not up to date; updating them."
   "${MDATP}" definitions update
 fi
 
 healthy="$(field healthy)"
-log "healthy=${healthy} licensed=$(field licensed) org_id=$(field org_id) rtp=$(field real_time_protection_enabled) definitions=$(field definitions_status)"
+log "healthy=${healthy} licensed=$(field licensed) org_id=$(field org_id) rtp=$(field real_time_protection_enabled) behavior_monitoring=$(field behavior_monitoring) cloud=$(field cloud_enabled) definitions=$(field definitions_status)"
 [[ "${healthy}" == true ]]